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The suspension parameters for initial contact with vehicles at immigration checkpoints emphasize minimum suspicion as the primary focus. This concept is grounded in the principle that law enforcement and immigration authorities need a justifiable basis to engage a vehicle for further scrutiny. Minimum suspicion relates to the threshold that must be met to initiate further investigation or questioning of a vehicle, allowing officers to act based on observable factors or behaviors that suggest illicit activity or non-compliance.

Choosing minimum suspicion reflects the balance between ensuring security and respecting individuals' rights. Authorities want to ensure that they do not stop vehicles without a reasonable basis for concern, as this could lead to violations of civil liberties or unwarranted scrutiny of innocent individuals.

The other options, while possibly relevant to operational considerations at checkpoints, do not represent the foundational principle guiding initial engagement with vehicles. Maximum distance from the border, time of day, and color of the vehicle can influence operations but do not establish the criteria for determining when it is appropriate to suspect a vehicle and engage with it further. These factors are more situational in nature rather than constitutive of a protocol that dictates when officers can presume suspicion.